Housing is one of the most important basic human needs and as the worthy asset of the household is the determining factor in economic success, formation of personal identity, and social status of people. Also, it can play an important role in macroeconomic and household dimensions and is provided in two forms: rent and real. Since home ownership is the biggest financial investment in the lifetime of many households, rental housing is preferred in decisions. On the other hand, the amount of rent in villages has increased significantly in the last few years. Several factors are Effective in housing tenure choices (real or rent) that identification of these factors and their Effectiveness can help to make policy, housing sector planning, and increasing the welfare and economic level of society. In this study, by applying the Probit model and using sample events related to the budget of rural households in 2020, housing tenure choice has been studied. The results show that permanent income, age, marital status, employment of the head of the household, and size of the family increase the probability of home ownership in the villages, and the level of education of the head of the household increases the probability of renting.

This study is a critical discourse analysis of Reader's choice. The objectives of the research are to investigate the extent of ideological evasiveness and biases in this book, as well as to show whether the book may be suitable for being used as a textbook. To this end, four reading comprehension texts were chosen randomly from the book. These texts are: "The Midnight Visitor", "Sonar for the Blind", "Pockety Women Unite?", and "The 800 th Lifetime". The discursive structures of these texts have been studied according to Hodge and Kress's (1996) framework that consists of four features: naming, nominalization, active vs. passive sentences, and actional vs. relational sentences. The frequency of discursive structures have been measured in these texts. The results show that there was no evasive and biased structure in the book. Furthermore, according to the factors that have been focused in this study, the book proved to be a suitable textbook.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of generative learning teaching based to pattern cognitive Load on the memorization math of 7th grade students of in the academic year of 2021- 2022. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with four groups: two control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 7th grade male and female students of District 2 of Mashhad city that 112 person sample was selected by single stage cluster sampling method. The subjects in the experimental group involved in generative learning based to cognitive Load in 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. The research instrument consisted of a 20-questions researcher-made test. To analyze the obtained data, Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that generative learning teaching based to approach cognitive Load have a positive and significant effect on 7th grade students' memorization math. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that one of the Effective training on math memorization students is the use of generative learning on the based load cognitive pattern.

Background: Choosing a medical specialty is an important choice for medical students and the healthcare system.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the interest of last-year medical students in choosing a future medical specialty and determine Effective factors in it.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 201 medical students was performed in Iran in 2019. All medical students who completed the internship period by the end of September 2020 were selected by census method. A questionnaire was applied, the validity and reliability of which had already been registered in the Statistics Center of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and SPSS software (version 20). A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: About 98% of students intended to choose a future medical specialty. The highest number of interested students were female (66%) and single (83.2%), with a mean age of 26.69 ± 12.22 years. The parents’ educational level of most students interested in continuing education was a bachelor’s degree or lower (52.3%). “Achieving a better economic position” (91.4%) was the most important factor for choosing a specialty. Most participants were interested in ophthalmology (18.2%). The factors “specific working hours” and “easy residency period” were indicated most frequently as effects on the preference for ophthalmology.Conclusion: The present findings provide significant insight into creating strategies to attract a number of medical students in other specialties based on the needs of the Iranian healthcare system.

In this research, generalized linear models are used for modeling the trip modal split of Tehran residents. Characteristics of trip and traveler are used for calibrating the model. 434 questionnaires are distributed between random samples of students of Tehran. Selected students were asked to fill one questionnaire form about trips of their family and the other questionnaire about trips of their neighbor. The gathered data of questionnaires are analyzed and using a log linear model, effect of trip destination, trip goal, and trip time on the modal split is studied. Sample size is determined as it can produce the necessary information with sufficient accuracy. It is emphasized that the sample size is dependant to the information and accuracy which is needed for decision making. It has been shown that a sample size of 400 families in Tehran is enough for determining the trip goals. For determining the trip destinations, Iran is divided into 8 regions and trip destination of Tehran residents is categorized in this regions. The ANOVA method is used for checking the effect of trip region, trip goal and trip time on the modal split. It has been shown that the 3 mentioned parameters can affect trip modal split. Analysis of gathered data shows that trip goals can be classified in the below categories: recreation, with 48%, meeting the relations and friends, with 19%, pilgrimage, with 18%, work, with 10%, and other goals including studying, business, and treatment with 5%. Using the generalized log linear models, dependency of trip region, trip goal, and trip time on the use of private car for intercity trips is studied. Pair combination of trip goal and trip time parameters, shows that most of the residents prefer to use private cars for traveling to Tehran region for recreation. In addition, most of the residents prefer to travel to the North region by their private cars for recreation.

Background: Standard medical treatments for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure are, including indomethacin/ibuprofen and surgical ligation. Nowadays, a new strategy to close PDA is the use of paracetamol. The present study aimed to describe the use of intravenous (IV) paracetamol for PDA closure in neonates who present a contraindication to ibuprofen or ibuprofen failure with no possibility to perform surgical ligation due to major instability. Methods: The present study was conducted from January to December 2017 in the neonatal intensive care unit of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital and Harapan Bunda Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, on neonates with hemodynamic significant PDA (hsPDA). All the subjects received IV paracetamol (15 mg/kg every 6 h) for 3 days. Thereafter, the ductus was evaluated by echocardiography on the 5th day after the regiment. Results: A total of 72 neonates were diagnosed with hsPDA and their average of gestational age was 34. 26 weeks and their average of birth weight was 1945. 69 g for 39 (54. 2%) female neonates, 33 (45. 8%) male neonates, 45 (62. 5%) premature infants, and 27 (37. 5%) full-term infants. About 26 (36. 1%) infants had a closed PDAs on the 5th days of evaluation, 11 (15. 3%) infants had regiment twice for closed PDA at the 10th days of evaluation, and 35 (48. 6%) neonates had more closed PDA after three or four regiments. Successful closure with paracetamol was achieved in 51(70. 8%) neonates, while 21 (29. 2%) neonates failed the PDA closure. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, IV paracetamol appears to be reasonably Effective for PDA closure in both preterm and term infants. This should be the first-line of therapy choice when there are contraindications for the treatment with ibuprofen.

2The current research was conducted with the aim of compiling and validating the educational package of the 10th grade religion and life lesson based on choice Theory. The research method for the stage of designing and compiling the educational package was descriptive-analytical method mixed . The main themes of the training package and the time required for training were taken from written sources such as the model of G schools and internal and external research projects. To validate the package, while using the face validity method, the content validity method was used in a qualitative and quantitative way. It was used with a panel of 14 experts. 14 experts were considered as the statistical population, 10 of them were in the field of psychology, two were in the field of curriculum planning, and two were in the field of education. In addition, two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index were used. The minimum and maximum relative content validity coefficients for each item of the package were calculated as 1 and 0.71, and the content validity index in most sessions reached the number (0.85) for all goals in the educational protocol. The results revealed that the educational package of the Religion and Life lesson based on choice Theory for 10th grade students have good formal and content validity and has the necessary validity for educational applications and research use.